N31

N31 is an Nd^3+ doped phosphate glass that can be used for high energy applications. More than 1500 pieces of edge Cladding N31 glass with a size up to 810 mm × 460 mm × 40 mm have been used worldwide in high power laser facilities.

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Laser Specifications

Nd _2 O_3 (wt %): 3.5

Nd^3+ conc. (10^20 ions / cm^3): 3.4 ± 0.1

Cross section for stimulated emission (10^-20 cm^2): 3.8 ± 0.1

Lifetime at 1053 nm (μsec)*:

≥ 370 (Nd_2 O_3 : 0.5 wt %)

≥ 360 (Nd_2 O_3 : 1.2 wt %)

≥ 315 (Nd_2 O_3 : 3.5 wt %)

≥ 310 (Nd_2 O_3 : 4.2 wt %)

Effective bandwidth (nm): 25.4

Fluorescence peak wavelength (nm): 1053

Absorption coefficient (cm^-1):

≤ 0.0015 (1053 nm)

≤ 0.25 (400 nm)

≤ 1.5 (3333 nm)

Optical Specifications

Non-linear refractive index coeff. n_2 (× 10^-13 e.s.u): ≤ 1.2

Refractive index (1053 nm): 1.535 ± 0.003

Abbe value: 65.6

dn/dT (10^-6 / ºC) (20 ~ 100 ºC): - 4.3

Thermal Specifications

Transformation temp. (ºC): 445

Softening temp. (ºC): 485

Coeff. of linear thermal expansion (10^-7 / K) (30 ~ 100 ºC): 116

Coeff. of linear thermal expansion (10^-7 / K) (30 ~ 300 ºC): 127

Thermal coeff. of optical path length (10^-6 / K) (50 ~ 100 ºC): 1.4

Thermal conductivity (25 ºC) (W / m K): 0.59

Specific heat ( 25 ºC) (J / g K): 0.75

Chemical Specifications

D_w (H_2O 98ºC) (mg / (cm^2/day)): 0.12

Other Specifications

Density (g / cm^3): 2.87

Young’s modulus (G Pa): 58.3

Posson’s ratio: 0.26

Knoop hardness (kg / cm^2): 404

Fracture toughness (MPa· m ^1/2): 0.58

* Note: The homogeneity is about 2 × 10^-6